竞争环境下供应链的BOPS合作策略及其对交通拥堵改善的影响

针对由一个拥有线上直销渠道的制造商以及一个线下零售商组成的供应链,考虑消费者对不同渠道的偏好构建了供应链博弈模型,研究了竞争环境下制造商与零售商的最优BOPS合作策略,并分析了BOPS合作在改善交通拥堵方面的作用。研究表明,BOPS合作在缓解供应链双重边际效应的同时会加剧渠道之间的价格竞争,所以并不总是对供应链有利;仅当消费者线上渠道偏好程度比较低且线下麻烦成本比较大时,制造商和零售商才会都从BOPS合作中受益从而自愿达成合作,其他情形下制造商可根据供应链利润变化设计转移支付契约促成与线下零售商的BOPS合作并实现双赢;此外,一定条件下BOPS合作能够通过调整渠道需求结构,在保证供应链成员利润的同时对交通拥堵改善也带来正向作用。     

非均匀外磁场下海森堡自旋链的热纠缠

研究了两量子比特海森堡XXX自旋链处于x方向的非均匀磁场时系统的纠缠特性,并用负度N来度量.得到N的解析表达式,并在此基础上进行数值计算.仔细讨论了均匀磁场B、非均匀磁场b、温度T和自旋耦合系数J对纠缠度N的影响.结果表明:N会随着■和T的增大而减小,但会随着J的增大而增大.同时,增大的J和b还会使临界磁场■和临界温度T_th变大,从而使系统中热纠缠存在的磁场范围和温度范围都变大.这一点在较大磁场和较高温度下需要纠缠具有实际意义.由此,我们可以通过调节B、b、T和J来控制热纠缠,这对固态系统中通过构建和选择参数调整系统的纠缠度具有一定的作用和意义.     

Energy Band Alignment and Redox-Active Sites in Metalloporphyrin-Spaced Metal-Catechol Frameworks for Enhanced CO2 Photoreduction

Two new chemically stable metalloporphyrin-bridged metal-catechol frameworks, InTCP-Co and FeTCP-Co, were constructed to achieve artificial photosynthesis without additional sacrificial agents and photosensitizers. The CO₂ photoreduction rate over FeTCP-Co considerably exceeds that obtained over InTCP-Co, and the incorporation of uncoordinated hydroxyl groups, associated with catechol, into the network further promotes the photocatalytic activity. The iron-oxo coordination chain assists energy band alignment and provides a redox-active site, and the uncoordinated hydroxyl group contributes to the visible-light absorptance, charge-carrier transfer, and CO₂-scaffold affinity. With a formic acid selectivity of 97.8 %, FeTCP-OH-Co affords CO₂ photoconversion with a reaction rate 4.3 and 15.7 times higher than those of FeTCP- Co and InTCP-Co, respectively. These findings are also consistent with the spectroscopic study and DFT calculation.     

Constitutive equations from Gaussian slip-link network theories in polymer melt rheology

Allowing for flow-dependent slip in the junctions of a temporary junction network, we derive the constitutive equations of temporary slip-link networks. The stress tensor is determined by three material functions, namely, the time-dependent linear-viscoelastic memory function, and two strain-dependent functions describing slip and disentanglement of network strands. Slip and disentanglement are related via a mass balance for network strands.By specifying slip and disentanglement, the constitutive equations of Lodge, Wagner, Doi-Edwards, and Marrucci are shown to be special temporary slip-link constitutive equations. To demonstrate the predictive power of temporary slip-link network theories, we compare predictions and extensional flow data with step change in flow direction.Dedicated to Professor Arthur S. Lodge on the occasion of his 70th birthday and his retirement from the University of Wisconsin.     

Multi-frequency oscillations in self-excited systems

A self-excited three-mass chain system is considered here. For a self-excitation of van der Pol type, the possibility of multi-frequency oscillations is investigated. Both analytical approximate solutions and numerical simulation are used. The averaging method is used to establish existence and stability of the normal modes, the two-frequency modes as well as the three-frequency oscillations solutions. We found at first that the single mode seems to prevail. However a three-frequency solution can be stabilised by adapting the system slightly. A generic bifurcation diagram is given where all the possible phase portraits are sketched. The flow turns out to be quite predictable. There is no “room” for chaos or strange attractors. This behaviour is not typical for systems of coupled oscillators but turns out to be partly related to the involved symmetries as well as the particular choice of the system parameters.     

摩托车传动用滚子链磨损特性的研究

道路行驶磨损试验结果表明，摩托车传动用滚子链套筒和销轴零件的主要磨损形式是磨粒磨损，并伴随有疲劳磨损的特征．由微观分析和链条的磨损伸长量可知：套筒和销轴的初始表面硬度较高，有利于改善其磨损表面形貌状态和耐磨性；在磨粒磨损机制下，套筒和销轴零件的表面硬度较低，容易产生“犁切”，表面层的循环硬化现象比较明显，磨损严重；在油池润滑条件下，套筒和销轴零件的表面硬度较高，裂纹的扩展速率较快，循环软化现象也较明显，当表面硬度较低时发生循环硬化．循环软化与循环硬化是导致磨损严重的原因之一．     

A terminally anchored polymer chain in shear flow: Self-consistent velocity and segment density profiles

The behavior of a terminally anchored freely-jointed bead-rod chain, subjected to solvent shear flow, was investigated via Brownian dynamics simulations. Previous calculations have been improved by computing the segment density and fluid velocity profiles self-consistently. The segment density distributions, components of the radius of gyration, and chain attachment shear and normal stresses were found to be sensitive to low values of shear rate. Additionally, it was found that the thickness of a model polymer layer was a strong function of the shear rate, and that the functional dependence on shear rate changed dramatically as the chain length increased. For the longest chains studied, the thickness of the model polymer layer first increased as the shear rate increased, passed through a maximum, and then decreased at high shear rates, in accordance with experimental results in theta solvents. These results suggest that a dilute or semi-dilute layer model may explain hydrodynamic behavior previously thought to be due to the entanglements that occur in dense surface bound polymer layers.Nomenclature a _i acceleration of bead i - b radius of the beads - d length of the rods connecting the chain beads - d _i vector from bead i to bead i + 1 - F _i external force applied to bead i - F _i ^b external force on bead i due to Brownian motion of surrounding fluid - F _i ^h external force on bead i due to viscous drag - F _i ^s external force on bead i due to surface interactions - f Stokes drag coefficient - Boltzmann's constant - L _h effective hydrodynamic thickness - m _i mass of bead i - N number of beads on a model chain - n number of chains anchored to the surface per unit surface area - P segment density distribution P pressure - Q flow in a tube with no surface bound polymer layer - Q _a flow in a tube with a surface bound polymer layer - R _g vector representation of the radius of gyration - R tube radius - r radial coordinate in the tube geometry - S _ij pair hydrodynamic interaction tensor for beads i and j - T _i internal chain force in rod i connecting beads i and i + 1 - T _X component of the surface attachment force in the direction of the fluid flow - T _y component of the surface attachment force perpendicular to the surface - T temperature - v _i velocity of the center of mass of bead i - V _if average fluid velocity at the location of bead i - v _if ⁰ fluid velocity in the absence of a polymer chain - v _if perturbation to the fluid velocity due to hydrodynamic interactions - V _b bead volume = 4 b ³/3 - scalar fluid speed in the axial direction down the tube - x axial coordinate in the tube geometry Greek symbols _w apparent shear rate - fluid viscosity - polymer layer permeability - volume fraction of space occupied by chain beads - (_w)_a chain attachment stress perpendicular to the surface - (_w)_a chain attachment stress in the plane of the surface and in the direction of fluid flow     

EFFECTIVE ELASTIC MODULUS OF BONE-LIKE HIERARCHICAL MATERIALS

A shear-lag model is used to study the mechanical properties of bone-like hierarchical materials.The relationship between the overall effective modulus and the number of hierarchy level is obtained.The result is compared with that based on the tension-shear chain model and finite element simulation,respectively.It is shown that all three models can be used to describe the mechanical behavior of the hierarchical material when the number of hierarchy levels is small.By increasing the number of hierarchy level,the shear-lag result is consistent with the finite element result.However the tension-shear chain model leads to an opposite trend.The transition point position depends on the fraction of hard phase,aspect ratio and modulus ratio of hard phase to soft phase.Further discussion is performed on the flaw tolerance size and strength of hierarchical materials based on the shear-lag analysis.     

高分子材料平面应变拉伸变形局部化

将基于应变软化玻璃状高分子材料微观特征建立的ＢＰＡ８－链分子网络模型引入ＵｐｄａｔｉｎｇＬａｇｒａｎｇｅ有限元方法，建立了适于变形局部化分析的大变形弹塑性有限元驱动应力法．在此基础上，数值模拟了初始各向同性高分子材料平面应变拉伸变形局部化的传播过程．探讨了ＢＰＡ模型对具有加工硬化特性的结晶性高分子材料变形分析的适应性；分析了局部化传播过程中颈缩截面的非均匀应力三轴效应；最后，讨论了网格尺寸以及初始几何不均匀性对颈缩扩散以及应力三轴效应的影响     

Finite Precision Representation of the Conley Decomposition

We present a theoretical basis for a novel way of studying and representing the long-time behavior of finite-dimensional maps. It is based on a finite representation of -pseudo orbits of a map by the sample paths of a suitable Markov chain based on a finite partition of phase space. The use of stationary states of the chain and the corresponding partition elements in approximating the attractors of maps and differential equations was demonstrated in Refs. 7 and 3 and proved for a class of stable attracting sets in Ref. 8. Here we explore the relationship between the communication classes of the Markov chain and basic sets of the Conley decomposition of a dynamical system. We give sufficient conditions for the existence of a chain transitive set and show that basic sets are isolated from each other by neighborhoods associated with closed communication classes of the chain. A partition element approximation of an isolating block is introduced that is easy to express in terms of sample paths. Finally, we show that when the map supports an SBR measure there is a unique closed communication class and the Markov chain restricted to those states is irreducible.